阿里云服务器搭建Nginx服务器教程:在阿里云购买并配置好服务器;通过SSH登录到服务器,安装必要的软件;下载并解压Nginx源码包,编译安装Nginx;配置Nginx,包括设置监听端口、指定默认首页等;启动Nginx并验证是否成功,该教程详细描述了每个步骤的操作方法,适合初学者快速上手。
在云计算时代,使用云服务提供商如阿里云来搭建服务器已经成为许多企业和个人的首选,Nginx,作为一款高性能的HTTP和反向代理服务器,因其稳定性和高效性,被广泛应用于各种场景中,本文将详细介绍如何在阿里云服务器上搭建Nginx服务器,包括环境准备、安装配置、优化及安全设置等步骤。
环境准备
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购买阿里云服务器: 你需要在阿里云官网上购买一台服务器,选择“ECS”服务,根据你的需求选择合适的配置,如CPU、内存、带宽和硬盘等,操作系统通常选择Linux,推荐使用CentOS 7.x版本。
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配置安全组: 在阿里云控制台中找到你的ECS实例,进入“安全组”配置,添加必要的入站和出站规则,为了访问Nginx服务,需要开放80(HTTP)和443(HTTPS)端口。
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远程连接: 使用SSH工具(如PuTTY或命令行)连接到你的ECS实例,首次连接需要设置密码或密钥对。
安装Nginx
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更新系统: 在连接到服务器后,首先进行系统更新,以确保所有包都是最新的。
sudo yum update -y
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安装EPEL仓库: Nginx安装在官方的YUM仓库中不可用,但可以通过EPEL(Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux)仓库进行安装。
sudo yum install epel-release -y
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安装Nginx: 安装EPEL仓库后,可以安装Nginx。
sudo yum install nginx -y
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启动并设置开机自启: 安装完成后,启动Nginx并设置其开机自启。
sudo systemctl start nginx sudo systemctl enable nginx
配置Nginx
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基本配置: Nginx的主配置文件位于
/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
,你可以编辑这个文件进行基本配置,设置worker进程数、线程数、连接超时时间等。worker_processes 1; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { server_tokens off; # 关闭Nginx版本信息显示,提高安全性 sendfile on; # 开启高效文件传输模式 tcp_nopush on; # 开启TCP_NOPUSH,提高性能 tcp_nodelay on; # 开启TCP_NODELAY,提高性能 keepalive_timeout 65; # 设置连接超时时间 include /etc/nginx/mime.types; # 引入mime类型文件 default_type application/octet-stream; # 默认文件类型 log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main; # 访问日志路径及格式 error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; # 错误日志路径及格式 gzip on; # 开启Gzip压缩,提高传输效率 gzip_disable "msie6"; # 针对IE6禁用Gzip压缩,因为IE6不支持Gzip压缩内容类型检测 ... }
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虚拟主机配置: 在
/etc/nginx/conf.d/
目录下创建虚拟主机配置文件(如default.conf
),进行具体的站点配置。server { listen 80; # 监听端口号,HTTP默认端口为80,HTTPS为443 server_name yourdomain.com www.yourdomain.com; # 服务器域名或IP地址列表,支持多个域名或通配符域名匹配(需DNS解析) root /usr/share/nginx/html; # 网站根目录路径(需提前创建) index index.html index.htm; # 默认首页文件列表(按优先级排序) location / { # 匹配所有请求路径(除其他location块匹配外)的通用处理规则集合(如静态文件服务)} } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } { server { ... } ... } ... } ... } ... } ... } ... } ... } ... } ... } ... } ... } ... { server { listen 443 ssl; server_name yourdomain.com www.yourdomain.com; ssl_certificate /path/to/your/cert.pem; ssl_certificate_key /path/to/your/key.pem; ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2; ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5; location / { ... } ... } ... } ... 40x.html { error_page 404 /40x.html; location = /40x.html { ... } ... access_log /var/log/nginx/yourdomain-access.log main; error_log /var/log/nginx/yourdomain-error.log; location ~ \.(js|css|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|ico)$ { expires 30d; access_log off; log_not_found off; add_header Cache-Control "public"; break; } location ~ /\.ht { deny all; access_log off; log_not_found off; break; } location /api { proxy_pass http://localhost:8080/; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme; proxy_redirect off; proxy_read_timeout 300s; proxy_connect_timeout 300s; proxy_send_timeout 300s; send_timeout 300s; client_max_body_size 10m; proxy_buffer_size 128k; proxy_buffers 8 128k; proxy_cache one; proxy_cache_valid 200 1m; add_header X-Via $scheme$server{location ^~/.well-known { allow all; access_log off; log_not_found off; break; }}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...{ server { listen 8080 default ssl http2 default ssl http2 default ssl http2 default ssl http2 default ssl http2 default ssl http2 default ssl http2 default ssl http2 default ssl http2 default ssl http2 default ssl http2 default ssl http2 default ssl http2 default ssl http2 default ssl http2 default ssl http2 default ssl http2 default ssl http2 default ssl http2 default ssl http2 default ssl http2 default ssl http2 default ssl http2 { server { listen 8080 default ssl http2 default ssl http2 { server { listen [::]:8080 default ssl http2 default ssl http2 { server { listen [::]:443 default ssl http2 default ssl http2 { server { listen [::]:443 default ssl http2 { server { listen [::]:443 default ssl http2 { server { listen [::]:443 default ssl http2 { server { listen [::]:8443 default ssl http2 { server { listen [::]:8443 default ssl http2 { server { listen [::]:8883 default ssl http2 { server { listen [::]:8883 default ssl http2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... }...{ server { listen [::]:8883 default ssl http2 ; location /api { proxy pass http://localhost:8080/; proxy set header Host $host ; proxy set header X real IP $remote addr ; proxy set header X forwarded For $proxy add x forwarded for ; proxy set header X forwarded Proto $scheme ; proxy redirect off ; proxy read timeout 300s ; proxy connect timeout 300s ; proxy send timeout 300s ; send timeout 300s ; client max body size 10m ; proxy buffer size 128k ; proxy buffers 8 128k ; proxy cache one ; proxy cache valid 200 1m ; add header X via $scheme$server{location ^~/.well known { allow all ; access log off ; log not found off ; break ; }}...}}...}}...}}...}}...}}...}}...}}...}}...}}...}}