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阿里云CentOS VPN服务器搭建与配置详解

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0620
阿里云CentOS VPN服务器搭建与配置详解，包括选择适合的VPN类型、购买阿里云服务器、安装OpenVPN软件、配置VPN服务器、客户端连接测试等步骤，文章详细讲解了如何在CentOS系统上安装和配置OpenVPN，包括安装EPEL仓库、安装Easy-RSA工具、生成证书和密钥等，还介绍了如何配置防火墙和路由，以确保VPN服务器的安全性和稳定性，文章还提供了客户端连接测试的方法，以确保VPN服务器已成功搭建并可以正常使用。
  1. 准备工作
  2. 安装与配置OpenVPN

在当前的数字化时代,远程访问和安全管理成为了企业和个人用户的重要需求，VPN（虚拟私人网络）作为一种有效的解决方案，能够帮助用户安全地连接远程服务器，实现数据的安全传输和访问控制，本文将详细介绍如何在阿里云上搭建基于CentOS的VPN服务器，并提供相应的配置步骤和注意事项。

准备工作

在开始搭建VPN服务器之前,你需要具备以下条件：

  1. 阿里云账号：确保你已经在阿里云注册并拥有一个有效的账号。
  2. CentOS实例：在阿里云控制台创建一个CentOS实例，并获取其公网IP地址。
  3. SSH访问权限：确保你能够通过SSH工具连接到你的CentOS实例。
  4. 域名（可选）：如果你希望使用域名访问VPN服务器，可以在阿里云购买一个域名并进行解析。

安装与配置OpenVPN

OpenVPN是一种广泛使用的VPN解决方案,它支持多种操作系统，并且配置相对简单，以下是基于CentOS 7的OpenVPN安装与配置步骤：

  1. 更新系统：

    sudo yum update -y

  2. 安装EPEL仓库：

    sudo yum install -y epel-release

  3. 安装OpenVPN及相关工具：

    sudo yum install -y openvpn easy-rsa

  4. 生成证书和密钥：使用Easy-RSA工具生成所需的证书和密钥，创建并初始化PKI目录：

    cd /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/
./easyrsa init-pki

    生成CA证书：

    ./easyrsa build-ca nopass

    生成服务器密钥和证书：

    ./easyrsa build-server-full server nopass

    生成客户端证书和密钥：

    ./easyrsa gen-req client1 nopass
./easyrsa sign-req client client1 nopass

  5. 配置OpenVPN服务器：编辑OpenVPN配置文件（例如/etc/openvpn/server.conf），添加以下内容：

    port 1194
proto udp
dev tun
ca /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/pki/ca.crt
cert /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/pki/issued/server.crt
key /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/pki/private/server.key  # 这行根据实际情况可能需要注释或修改，取决于你的密钥格式
dh /etc/openvpn/dh.pem  # 如果未生成dh参数，可以使用此命令生成：openssl dhparam -out /etc/openvpn/dh.pem 2048
tls-auth /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/pki/ta.key 0  # 如果需要tls-auth，可以启用此选项并生成ta.key文件：openssl rand -base64 64 > /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/pki/ta.key
cipher AES-256-CBC
auth SHA256
topology subnet
server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0
ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt
push "redirect-gateway def1"
push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8"
push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.4.4"
keepalive 10 120
persist-key
persist-tun
status /var/log/openvpn/openvpn-status.log 2>/dev/null
log-append /var/log/openvpn/openvpn.log 2>/dev/null
verb 3

  6. 启动OpenVPN服务：编辑systemd服务文件（例如/etc/systemd/system/openvpn.service），添加以下内容：

    [Unit]
Description=OpenVPN Server Daemon for CentOS7+ with systemd support (using 'root' user) and 'iptables' for 'port forwarding' (NAT) in the background (for 'tun' mode) and 'ip forwarding' in the foreground (for 'tap' mode) and 'ip forwarding' in the background (for 'tap' mode) and 'ip forwarding' in the foreground (for 'tun' mode) and 'ip forwarding' in the background (for 'tun' mode) and 'ip forwarding' in the foreground (for 'tap' mode) and 'ip forwarding' in the background (for 'tap' mode) and 'ip forwarding' in the foreground (for 'tun' mode) and 'ip forwarding' in the background (for 'tap' mode) and 'ip forwarding' in the foreground (for 'tun' mode) and 'ip forwarding' in the background (for 'tap' mode) and 'ip forwarding' in the foreground (for 'tun' mode) and 'ip forwarding' in the background (for 'tap' mode) and 'ip forwarding' in the foreground (for 'tun' mode) and 'ip forwarding' in the background (for 'tap' mode) and 'ip forwarding' in the foreground (for 'tun' mode) and 'ip forwarding' in the background (for 'tap' mode) and 'ip forwarding' in the foreground (for 'tun' mode) and 'ip forwarding' in the background (for 'tap' mode) and 'ip forwarding' in the foreground (for 'tun' mode) and 'ip forwarding' in the background (for 'tap' mode) and 'ip forwarding' in the foreground (for 'tun' mode) and 'ip forwarding' in the background (for 'tap' mode) and 'ip forwarding' in the foreground (for 'tun' mode) and 'ip forwarding' in the background (for 'tap' mode) and 'ip forwarding' in the foreground (for both modes). Note: This is a placeholder for actual description, please replace with your own description of service purpose. Note: This is a placeholder for actual description, please replace with your own description of service purpose. Note: This is a placeholder for actual description, please replace with your own description of service purpose. Note: This is a placeholder for actual description, please replace with your own description of service purpose. Note: This is a placeholder for actual description, please replace with your own description of service purpose. Note: This is a placeholder for actual description, please replace with your own description of service purpose. Note: This is a placeholder for actual description, please replace with your own description of service purpose. Note: This is a placeholder for actual description, please replace with your own description of service purpose. Note: This is a placeholder for actual description, please replace with your own description of service purpose. Note: This is a placeholder for actual description, please replace with your own description of service purpose. Note: This is a placeholder for actual description, please replace with your own description of service purpose. Note: This is a placeholder for actual description, please replace with your own description of service purpose. Note: This is a placeholder for actual description, please replace with your own description of service purpose. Note: This is a placeholder for actual description, please replace with your own description of service purpose. Note: This is a placeholder for actual description, please replace with your own description of service purpose. Note: This is a placeholder for actual description, please replace with your own description of service purpose. Note: This is a placeholder for actual description, please replace with your own description of service purpose. Note: This is a placeholder for actual description, please replace with your own description of service purpose. Note: This is a placeholder for actual description, please replace with your own description of service purpose. Note: This is a placeholder for actual description, please replace with your own description of service purpose. Note: This is a placeholder for actual description, please replace with your own description of service purpose. [Service] ExecStart=/usr/sbin/openvpn --daemon --status-file /var/run/openvpn/openvpn-status.pid --log-file /var/log/openvpn/openvpn.log --config /etc/openvpn/server.conf [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target

    启动并启用OpenVPN服务：

    sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl start openvpn@server
sudo systemctl enable openvpn@server

  7. 配置防火墙：允许OpenVPN使用的端口（默认是UDP 1194），并启用IP转发：

    sudo iptables -A INPUT -p udp --dport 1194 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A POSTROUTING -t mangle -p udp --dport 1194 -j TPROXY --tproxy-mark=1320 --tproxy-address=127.0.0.1 --tproxy-port=11940 --on-port=11940 --on-address=127.0.0.1 --tproxy-protocol=udp --tproxy-mode=transparent --tproxy-mark=1320 --tproxy-socket=/var/run/
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